Humanities Past

Discover and discuss these often-overlooked treasures in a series of lectures that will expand your understanding of and appreciation for the giants of American literature.

Discover and discuss these often-overlooked treasures in a series of lectures that will expand your understanding of and appreciation for the giants of American literature.

Take a closer look at Spanish art from the late 16th Century to the beginning of the 19th Century as you investigate the turbulent rise and fall of Monarchial Spain, the Golden Age of Spanish Baroque and the eventual twilight of Spanish art.

Discover and discuss these often-overlooked treasures in a series of lectures that will expand your understanding of and appreciation for the giants of American literature.

Best known for his novels, Dickens also wrote hundreds of short stories. Read and discuss selected stories from the famous Pickwick papers to his beloved Christmas stories, in this four lecture series.

“Italian Guides” and “The Tomb of Adam” from Innocents Abroad (1869)

Discover the stories of twelve influential women who wore the crown and changed English history. Matilda, Eleanor of Aquitaine, the six wives of Henry the 8th, Mary and Elizabeth Tudor, Victoria and Elizabeth II.

Focus on the impact of these three musical giants who revolutionized piano repertoire and performance technique in this combination of lecture and performance.

Black American art is a key element of what defines American art. Examine the 300-year legacy of Black American painting, sculpture and other media in this 4-part lecture series.

In a six-part exploration of music from Bach to the present cellist and playwright Harry Clark will examine the connection between composer, performer and listener.

Embark on a literary and historical journey of American ideals, values, humanity, religion, culture, politics, and war as seen through the literature of our presidents.

Rome and Paris are two of the world’s most beautiful cities, but they were not always that way. Consider how one city ceded artistic influence and political power to the other as we examine how Rome and Paris encouraged different ideas and agendas.

Explore the development of human culture after the emergence from Africa and entrance to the Americas.

Cynthia Meier, Co-Founder of The Rogue Theatre, will talk about Woolf’s life, times, and work, with special emphasis on Mrs. Dalloway, which she is adapting and directing this spring.

Consider the legacy of twelve outstanding prime ministers from Sir Robert Walpole to Margaret Thatcher and examine their accomplishments in historical context.

Examine the tumultuous friendship of Hemingway and Fitzgerald through discussions of their work and the research of literary scholars.

Mozart’s last piano concertos and symphonies profoundly affected the first generation of Romantic composers. Hear piano sonatas and concertos by Mozart as well as piano masterworks by Schubert, Mendelssohn and Chopin in this delightful combination of lecture plus virtuoso piano performance.

Tracing the musical evolution of Ragtime to Jazz to Boogie Woogie to Swing, we’ll be singin’ and swingin’ to the solid stomp of the Great American Song Book of the 1930s and 40s.

The New Deal continues to resonate in American life and politics with the recent discussion surrounding the “Green New Deal” This series of four in-person lectures will focus on what the “real” New Deal intended and achieved and its impact on organized labor, the environment, popular culture and more.

In six on-demand video presentations we will examine the variety, beauty and innovative qualities of the Golden Age as we view and interpret landscapes, portraits, still life and genre scenes, placing them in cultural and historical context.

Explore the tumultuous friendship of Langston Hughes, often called the “Dean of African American Authors” and Zora Neale Hurston, often considered the most sassy, outspoken and independent woman writer of the times.

The Saga of American Musical Theatre

As Broadway comes back to life and the theatres re-open, it’s a perfect time to celebrate America’s great gift to world: Musical Theatre! Explore the history and evolution of this uniquely American form of lyric theatre from its inception to Hamilton and toast the tunesmiths and stars of Broadway.

Perspectives from archaeology and paleoanthropology

Consider some of the major questions related to seven topics in the origins of humanity: evolution, bipedalism, encephalization, the development of tools and technologies, human expansion, art and cave paintings, and learn about recent discoveries in the field.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) has been given many titles by historians, choral scholars, and fans: child prodigy, genius, “touched by the divine” (in the case of the feature film Amadeus). What is typically omitted from such claims is the personal cost of Mozart’s fame, and how this turmoil is displayed in his music. Through a combination of lecture and concert performance, this two session course explores the personal history of Mozart – his early life as a child performer, his complex relationship with his father, his reluctant employment with the Catholic church, and his aspirations as an opera composer – discussing how these interactions colored his compositional style throughout his life.

Our first session is a 90-minute lecture discussing Mozart’s life and his sacred mass output. Focus will be given to his earliest mass setting, Missa brevis in D minor (K65) and his well-known, unfinished Requiem. We will examine how Mozart’s compositional style evolved between these two works, and how the two pieces parallel. In the second session, attendees can view a virtual concert of Mozart’s Missa brevis in D minor, performed by the Tucson Masterworks Chorale. This concert also features a premiere piece, Lux Aeterna, written by Tucson-native Russell Ronnebaum. This performance features strings from the University of Arizona Fred Fox School of Music, and soloists from the metro Tucson and eastern Washington areas.

Session 1: Lecture – available for viewing from Friday April 16 – April 25
Session 2: Virtual Choral Performance by Tucson Masterworks Chorale: Mozart’s Missa brevis in D minor, K65 – Available for viewing from Sunday, April 25 – May 16.

Explore the cultural influences and connections between composers as you focus on the music of the later Romanic period in this combination of lectures and sparkling piano performances by piano virtuoso Alex Tentser. Hear the work of Johannes Brahms, who was mentored by Robert Schumann and heavily influenced by Bach and Beethoven. Learn about the relationship of Edward Grieg and Franz Liszt, as you listen to performances of his piano compositions. Enjoy little known piano works by Peter Illich Tchaikovsky and discover the piano compositions of  Nikolai Medtner, close friend of Sergei Rachmaninoff, a great representative of the Russian late Romantic piano tradition.

One 90-minute presentation will be released each Wednesday to be viewed at your convenience using the link provided.

The art and times of Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning, Joan Mitchell, Helen Frankenthaler and Grace Hartigan.

Mid-Century New York was the fast-moving center of the Modern Art movement and home to a remarkable community of experimental artists who would revolutionize the way we look at art. 5 women stood out in the predominately male group, for their talent, determination and guts. Follow their stories and learn their important works and legacy in five sessions covering the dozen years that marked the turning point in American Modern Art.

Week 1: Lee Krasner
Week 2: Elaine de Kooning
Week 3: Joan Mitchell
Week 4: Helen Frankenthaler
Week 5: Grace Hartigan

One 90-minute presentation will be released each Monday to be viewed at your convenience using the link provided.

Shakespeare’s plays are full of extraordinary women: Portia, Cleopatra, Lady Macbeth, Beatrice, Juliet, Kate, Ophelia – the list goes on and on. We will explore several of these unique characters by reading scenes from the plays, watching recorded famous performances, and exploring other art inspired by the characters. Each class period will be devoted to at least two characters as we discover what is central to Shakespeare’s women.

One 90-minute presentation will be released each Friday to be viewed at your convenience using the link provided.

Make the most of time at home with a pair of armchair adventures fueled by intriguing non-fiction books selected to both enlighten and entertain. It is often said that truth is stranger than fiction. Join frequent Food for Thought host Paul Fisher for detailed introductions to non-fiction titles you may have missed and come away with a treasure trove of new information and inspiration for your own reading list.

Session 1: The Food Explorer by Daniel Stone
Meet David Fairchild, a young botanist and geologist at the turn of the century, with an insatiable lust to explore, who set out in search of foods that would enrich the American farmer and enchant the American eater.  Along the way, he was arrested, fell ill, and bargained with island tribes (some cannibalistic).  His adventures resulted in the most diverse food system ever created.

Session 2: Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World by Jack Weatherford
Join a host of characters as diverse as European and Russian knights, Papal envoys, Chinese navigators, Buddhist monks, devoted Mongol soldiers, Islamic scientists, Persian philosophers and merchants and follow the path of Genghis Khan from the heart of Mongolia, east to China and Japan, through Baghdad, west to Europe, south to India and Turkey, and north to Russia. By the time you’ve completed this expedition you’ll have a new appreciation of his lasting legacy.

One 45-minute presentation will be released each Friday to be viewed at your convenience using the link provided.

Caves and rockshelters preserve some of the most spectacular and important archaeological discoveries and are important archaeological resources worldwide.  Chauvet-Pont-d’Arc (~30,000 years ago) and Lascaux Cave (~17,000 years old) preserve some of the earliest, and perhaps, most spectacular cave paintings ever discovered.  Shanidar Cave provides a window into a 65,000-year-old Neanderthal burial, and  Meadowcroft Rockshelter remains a pivotal archaeological site in the debate about the first Americans.  Join us for a closer look at human prehistory to better understand how humans have interacted with caves and rockshelters for millions of years and consider why we are drawn to these deep, dark, places.

Meetings consist of a one-hour lecture and an optional 15-30 minutes after lecture for questions and discussion. Sessions will be recorded to enable on-demand viewing.

Optional Zoom Orientation: Jan 28, 10:00 – 10:30 am

From darkness into light, or how one little competition changed the world.

At the beginning of the 14th Century in Europe, when Giotto completed The Arena Chapel, the new century was experiencing economic expansion and the renewed pursuit of intellectual and theological knowledge. The advent of Giotto’s new artistic style seemed to foreshadow great things to come. Instead, it was a century marked by fear and desperation. For most of the 14^th century Europe walled itself up in a cocoon of self-defeating cynicism and recrimination. But then something amazing happened.  In 1401 a competition was held in Florence that paved the way for the Renaissance in Italy and Northern Europe. It turned the disastrous 14^th Century on its head and remade the world. Join us for a look at this remarkable period when so many new and newly rediscovered ideas came to the forefront. with artists such as Donatello, Masaccio, Ghiberti and Brunelleschi as well as the next generation including Piero della Francesca, Van Eyck, Ghirlandaio, Van der Goes, Verrocchio and Botticelli. What the artists in the 15-century accomplished allowed for the advent of the High Renaissance and beyond. Revered artists who followed, such as Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael, were truly standing on the shoulders of giants.

Week 1: Giotto and the seeds of the Renaissance; So much hope, until the buzz kill of the Black Death
Week 2:    The Competition of 1401—Ghiberti triumphant, but what does when do when one loses?  The unlikely Trio:  Brunelleschi, Donatello, Masaccio
Week 3:     The Next Generation or Where Do we Go from Here?
Week 4:    Venice and The North–those quirky Venetians and those even more quirky Northerners
Week 5:     Science, poetry and Prose: Let’s all go in different directions and collide in the middle.
Week 6:    The Sistine Chapel:  The clash, no collaboration of the Titans.  Providing the foundation for the High Renaissance.

One 90-minute presentation will be released each Thursday to be viewed at your convenience, using the link provided.

Join Bob Bernhardt for a look at musical expression of love from the classics to the contemporary. Explore the music of love as written for the dance floor, the opera pit, the symphony stage, the cinema, and the gloriously varied world of the Beatles. From Prokofiev’s Romeo and Juliet, to Puccini’s La Boheme, to Rachmaninoff’s Symphony No. 2, to Lennon & McCartney’s She Loves You to Max Steiner’sTara from Gone with the Wind, we’ll listen to the music of love in every genre.

Week 1: Love at the Ballet
Week 2: Love at the Opera
Week 3: Love at the Symphony
Week 4: The Beatles in Love
Week 5: Love at the Movies

One 90-minute presentation will be released each Wednesday to be viewed at your convenience using the link provided.

Meet Ra, the god of the sun and first pharaoh of the world, Osiris, the god of the underworld, Anubis who helped Isis create the first mummy and other Egyptian deities as you discover the pantheon of gods and goddesses who composed the rich tapestry of ancient Egyptian religious belief. Learn about the fundamental spiritual and supernatural concepts that linked together nearly four millennia of life along the Nile River.

Session 1: Intro to ancient Egypt and the Afterlife
Session 2: Nature of the Gods and Creation Myths
Session 3: Emergence of Religion and the Sun God
Session 4: Kingship, Osiris and the Sun God
Session 5: Amun and Atten

Since early in America’s poetry, black poets have been active and crucial voices in the literary scene. Yet they have also been, for most of the nation’s history, underappreciated, sometimes even unseen. When Gwendolyn Brooks won the first Pulitzer Prize given to a black poet in 1955, it was a kind of culmination of a movement that included Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance poets, and was at a time when some of these poets found a freeer and more appreciative home outside the USA. Since the late 1960s we have seen a consistent renewal and flow of black poetry, influenced by American culture, Afro-Caribbean themes and rhythms, the history of black people in the Americas, and diasporic histories from Africa. In recent years black poetry has both led and chronicled aspects of our moment, fraught in all its difficulty. Black lives certainly matter, and some of the matter they express has taken place in some of the most brilliant and innovative poetry of our time.

The course will combine presentation of recent poetry by black writers, including readings by the poets, and readings of their work; brief lectures; and time for discussion.  Poets we will witness include major prize winners and underground voices, page explorers and vocal performers, poets ranging in age from 30 to 70. They are Claudia Rankine, Will Alexander, Erica Hunt, Tracie Morris, Tyehimba Jess, and giovanni singleton.

The Giants of Romantic Piano Music

Join pianist Alex Tentser for an exploration of the Golden Age of piano literature through the music of Chopin, Schubert, Schumann, and Liszt. In this series combining lectures with sparkling piano performances by the instructor, you’ll learn about the foundation of modern piano technique, the poetic, philosophical and spiritual influences of the composers, the origins of forms such as Impromptus, Preludes, Nocturnes and Ballades and more.

It’s happy hour with Richard Hanson and you’re invited!

Each week sit back, relax and enjoy a cocktail with the composers of the Great American Songbook: George Gershwin, Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, Rodgers & Hart, Harold Arlen, and Frank Loesser. The way we party may have changed, but the music of the great tunesmiths of Broadway and Tin Pan Alley continue to be our comfort food. “They Can’t Take That Away From Me!” So, get out that cocktail shaker and R.S.V.P to reserve your table at Chez Hanson! In the words of Cole Porter, Broadway, Up with A Twist! will be De-Lovely

Session 1: It’s De-Lovely! Martinis with Cole Porter
Session 2: Blue Skies! Old Fashioneds with Irving Berlin
Session 3: Get Happy! French 75s with Harold Arlen
Session 4: My Funny Valentine! Gimlets w/ Rodgers & Hart
Session 5: Heart & Soul! Daquiris with Frank Loesser
Session 6: ‘S Wonderful! Manhattans with George and Ira Gerswhin

Exploring Paleoindian Archaeology in North America

Discover the archaeology of Paleoindians in North America. Paleoindians are the first people in North America, and they entered the region by at least 14,000 years ago. Review the history of Paleoindian research in North America, to develop a foundation for understanding how the discipline has evolved with new methods and discoveries. Explore archaeological discoveries that address the question of when, where, and how people first migrated to North America. Examine at the different Paleoindian chronologies and cultures found in the archaeological record. Students will become familiar with the debates and current research concerning the first Americans and will develop an understanding of the regional variations that develop in the North American archaeological record between 14,000 to 9,000 years ago.

Optional Zoom Orientation: Oct 1, 10:00-10:30am

Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael and Titian

Leonardo, Michelangelo, Rafael and Titian innovated, explored, and transformed visual imagery, elevated the status of the artist, and created visual works that were equally beautiful and powerful. Yet, behind the images of this perfect world lay a world that was anything but. No matter what upheaval was happening in the world, the High Renaissance artists presented an idyllic and perfect world. In six lectures plus one interactive Zoom discussion, learn more about these four artists in their historical, social, and experiential context and their creation of monumental works of art.

Interactive Zoom discussion: Thursday, Nov 12, 10:00am AZ time

Playlist for a Pandemic

In this time of challenge, we turn to music, our universal language, to find solace, encouragement, inspiration, and hope. Former Tucson Symphony Orchestra Music Director Bob Bernhardt will guide us through music selected to help us navigate these uncharted waters, as we find ourselves drawn together somewhere between physical distance and shared experience. The sessions end with a tribute to the life and music of the late, great film composer, Ennio Morricone.

Session 1: Music of Thankfulness and Gratitude
Session 2: Music of Introspection and Reflection
Session 3: Music of Joy and Triumph
Session 4: Music of Ennio Morricone

William Blake & Percy Shelley

Blake & Shelley are both poets of overflow. In both short and long poems, Blake writes of the beauty and terror of the world and eventually constructs his own mythology (and angelology) as a way of both entering and transcending the world as he knows it. We will read selected short poems of Blake from “The Songs of Innocence and Experience,” move on to “The Marriage of Heaven and Hell,” and culminate with one of his extended visionary poems, “Jerusalem.” Along the way we will think of Blake as poet, visual artist, political thinker, and prophet. Get ready for a fiery and beautiful ride.

Percy Shelley is the most maligned of the Romantic poets, or at least he was for 20th Century followers of T.S. Eliot and the so-called “new critics” who wanted poems to be perfect “well-wrought urns”. Shelley makes us think of more contemporary poets who simply will not be contained. In poem after poem, Shelley and his language soar into the stratosphere as he seeks to plumb an imagination which has no limits. His thinking is deeply spiritual, but not Christian; his politics are liberationist; his lifestyle was unconventional, to say the least. We will read odes by Shelley, including his “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty,” “Ode to the West Wind,” and “To a Skylark,” his elegy to John Keats, “Adonais,” and one of his plays to gain an understanding of the depth and the expanse of his work.

The course will contain both lecture and discussion, as well as readings of the work.

The Music of Linda Ronstadt

Tucson native Linda Ronstadt is one of the best female vocalists of her era. Her songs are creative interpretations of the music of the great recording artists from the past and of her contemporaries. She shifted seamlessly between musical genres from rock to country to big band with unexpected turns including comic opera on Broadway and a collection of Mariachi ballads dedicated to her father. We will focus on both the original versions that inspired Linda and her own beautiful and masterful productions. In-class performances by singer and guitarist, Holly Jebb, plus a few singalong opportunities will add to the experience. Join John Nemerovski for an informative and entertaining presentation.

The Rise and Fall of a Friendship

Oro Valley Session

F, Scott Fitzgerald, already a popular author in America, first met Ernest Hemingway, a promising young writer, in April, 1925, at the Dingo Bar, rue Delambre in Paris over drinks. Their friendship was a roller-coaster relationship, fraught with differing emotions of fondness, respect, admiration, intimacy but also vanity, ego-gratification, and a powerful spirit of competition which lasted throughout the years up until Fitzgerald’s early death in 1940.

Matthew J. Bruccoli, in his scholarly Fitzgerald and Hemingway: A Dangerous Friendship (1994), states: “The mortality rate of literary friendships is high. Writers tend to be bad risks as friends– probably much for the same reason they are bad matrimonial risks. They expend the best parts of themselves in their work. Moreover, literary ambition has a way of turning into literary competition.”

In Jed Kiley’s Hemingway: A Title Fight in Ten Rounds, he quotes F. Scott Fitzgerald as saying about Hemingway: “He is a great writer. If I didn’t think so I wouldn’t have tried to kill him….I was the champ and when I read his stuff I knew he had something. So I dropped a heavy glass skylight on his head at a drinking party. But you can’t kill the guy. He’s not human.”

In his A Moveable Feast (1964), Hemingway writes about Fitzgerald’s gradual decline: “I saw him rarely when he was sober, but when he was sober he was always pleasant and he still made jokes about himself. But when he was drunk he would usually come to find me and, drunk, he took almost as much pleasure interfering with my work as Zelda did interfering with his. This continued for years but, for years too, I had no more loyal friend than Scott when he was sober.”

Join Dr. Bill Fry for this literary visit with friends Scott and Ernest as viewed from their works as well as from works by major scholars.

The Art and Times of Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning, Joan Mitchell, Helen Frankenthaler and Grace Hartigan.

Mid-Century New York was the fast-moving center of the Modern Art movement and home to a remarkable community of experimental artists who would revolutionize the way we look at art. Five women stood out in the predominately male group, for their talent, determination and guts. Follow their stories and learn their important works and legacy in a 3- session survey covering the dozen years that marked the turning point in American Modern Art. Guest speakers from the Tucson arts community.

FDR, The new Deal and The World Crisis, 1932-1945

The New Deal continues to resonate in American life and politics. Proposals for a “Green New Deal” elicit howls of protest from opponents who see it as a misguided effort to expand “big government” and the “nanny state.” Proponents describe it as vital to mitigate climate change and economic inequality. Both sides of the argument often mis-remember or misunderstand what the “real” New Deal intended and achieved, at home and abroad during the tumultuous 1930s and 1940s. In four two hour meetings we will examine the collapse of the “old order,” the rise of FDR, the initially limited but eventually expansive economic and social agenda of the New Deal, creation of the New Deal political coalition, the movement’s impact on organized labor, the environment, popular culture, and minorities. We will explore the New Deal’s achievements and failures, and, finally, how U.S. participation in the Second World War shaped, limited, and expanded the New Deal at home and abroad.

Week 1: The Collapse of the Old Order
The interlocking global economic and political fractures that began in 1929 and quickly engulfed the entire world; the failure and inability of the U.S. government and its institutions to understand and respond creatively to the crisis. The “tragedy” of Herbert Hoover and the rise of Franklin Roosevelt and the “forgotten man.”

Week 2: The birth of the New Deal Order, 1932-1936
Creating a New Deal: Reinventing government and forging the structure of the welfare state. The role of Eleanor Roosevelt and her circle of feminist and labor activists. From emergency recovery programs to long-term solutions for agriculture, industry, banking and labor. Political battles, court packing, and compromised victories.

Week 3: The New Deal at High Tide, 1937-1940 Creating a liberal Supreme Court; the Fair Labor Standards Act; a New Deal for the Arts and popular culture; the conservative revolt against reform – creation of the Republican and Southern Democratic anti-New Deal coalition.

Week 4: The New Deal at War, 1940-1945.
The belated U.S. response to global aggression. Taking the U.S. into the world war. Dr. “Win -the-War in the White House, 1941-45. Liberalism abroad and the struggle for post-war justice; the economic bill of rights, the GI Bill, and the foundations of post-war liberalism at home.

The Rise and Fall of a Friendship

Tucson Session

F, Scott Fitzgerald, already a popular author in America, first met Ernest Hemingway, a promising young writer, in April, 1925, at the Dingo Bar, rue Delambre in Paris over drinks. Their friendship was a roller-coaster relationship, fraught with differing emotions of fondness, respect, admiration, intimacy but also vanity, ego-gratification, and a powerful spirit of competition which lasted throughout the years up until Fitzgerald’s early death in 1940.

Matthew J. Bruccoli, in his scholarly Fitzgerald and Hemingway: A Dangerous Friendship (1994), states: “The mortality rate of literary friendships is high. Writers tend to be bad risks as friends– probably much for the same reason they are bad matrimonial risks. They expend the best parts of themselves in their work. Moreover, literary ambition has a way of turning into literary competition.”

In Jed Kiley’s Hemingway: A Title Fight in Ten Rounds, he quotes F. Scott Fitzgerald as saying about Hemingway: “He is a great writer. If I didn’t think so I wouldn’t have tried to kill him….I was the champ and when I read his stuff I knew he had something. So I dropped a heavy glass skylight on his head at a drinking party. But you can’t kill the guy. He’s not human.”

In his A Moveable Feast (1964), Hemingway writes about Fitzgerald’s gradual decline: “I saw him rarely when he was sober, but when he was sober he was always pleasant and he still made jokes about himself. But when he was drunk he would usually come to find me and, drunk, he took almost as much pleasure interfering with my work as Zelda did interfering with his. This continued for years but, for years too, I had no more loyal friend than Scott when he was sober.”

Join Dr. Bill Fry for this literary visit with friends Scott and Ernest as viewed from their works as well as from works by major scholars.

Shakespeare’s plays are full of extraordinary women: Portia, Cleopatra, Lady Macbeth, Beatrice, Juliet, Kate, Ophelia – the list goes on and on. We will explore several of these unique characters by reading scenes from the plays, watching recorded famous performances, exploring other art inspired by the characters, and enjoying visits from Rogue Theatre actresses who have portrayed some of the characters. Each class period will be devoted to at least two characters as we discover what is central to Shakespeare’s women.

The Schorr Collection at the Phoenix Art Museum

Join art historian Kevin Justus for a day trip to view the Schorr Collection at the Phoenix Art Museum. We’ll view the exhibit together, have lunch at Palette, the museum’s innovative farm-to-table restaurant and have time to view other areas of the museum on our own.

Since 1967, the Lewis family has carefully amassed what is now known as the Schorr Collection, named in honor of Hannah’s family, many of whom lost their lives in the Holocaust when Germany invaded her native Poland in 1939. Amassing several hundred paintings with more than half of the collection on long-term loan to institutions in the United Kingdom and abroad, the collection has become a musée imaginaire, or ‘museum without walls.’ The collection is not a chronological timeline of art history but rather highlights several stylistic movements across four hundred years of art in an effort to record and understand the human condition.

The collection began with works by leading French Impressionists. It soon progressed to include what is now the Schorr Collection’s strongest suit: Old Master paintings, with an emphasis on Caravaggism and Neo-Classicism. The other principal strength of the Schorr Collection lies in its grouping of 16th-century Flemish painting.

Magnificent, Miraculous & Mysterious

We’re talking about the mushroom and the mollusk.  Follow the unbelievable history and practices that have evolved in humans, fungi and snails. If your knowledge of mushrooms and mollusks, is from the kitchen and from pest control, you are likely to be shocked and amazed.  For example, a fungi is the largest living organism on the planet and the genetic composition of mushrooms is actually more similar to humans than plants.  Needless to say, some folk consider the mushroom to be magic.  As for the snail, one of them was discovered in the British Museum, adhered to an ancient Egyptian stone artifact.  One day it was gone.  The search was on.   They found it “rushing” for freedom.  It had been dormant for 2000 years.

The contradictory evidence regarding Victorian society as the first truly modern society will make up the primary focus of the course. The diverse issues faced by Great Britain between 1837 and 1901 will constitute the emphasis on how Britain solved (or not) them. These are issues with which the contemporary United States still struggles. We will examine issues that confronted Britain and how America still struggles to agree on policy concerning them. One columnist has suggested that the present administration seems intent on repealing the twentieth century. Whether this is true is a subject for impartial discussion. These issues cover imperial, foreign and domestic policies.

Week 1: Topics to start include: dealing with its international position as the foremost global power, science and evolution, the role of unions, free trade and tariffs, income inequality, maintaining economic competitiveness.

Week 2: Contrasting definitions of liberty, law and order, sexual mores, voting rights, defense spending, tax policies.

Week 3: Education for whom and at what cost?, religious debate, feminism and women’s rights, reproductive rights, poverty and urban decay, jobs, health care.

Week 4: Environmental challenges, historic preservation, local versus central government, refugee policies, trade deficits, social concerns and Poor Law criteria, governing the empire.

The Good Gray Poet at 200!

The bicentennial of Walt Whitman falls only 45 years after the bicentennial of the USA. Whitman has been with us almost as long as the red white and blue flag with stars. It seems time to look at Whitman in terms of what he wrote, what he thought, and how his words have remained with us. The poet of democracy, the poet of belief in westward expansion, the poet who said he contained multitudes, the poet who wept openly at the graves of Civil War soldiers. The poet who rose from the ranks of common Americans to be celebrated in his lifetime, but whose reputation also slipped after his death, revived by modernist poets who saw Whitman as an important precursor to the task of “making it new.” Whitman the free verse proponent whose long lines seem to come out of the Book of Ecclesiastes, Whitman the Romantic elegist who celebrated Abraham Lincoln in a poem of traditional form and meter, Whitman who called for an America that lived up to its initial promise of democracy for all.

In four sessions we will plunge deeply into that song of myself which becomes a song of all selves as we discuss this founding poet of American literature, perhaps the only such poet who allied himself so completely with the American dream.

Week 1: Body and Soul
A Consideration of the young Whitman.
Reading: Biographical Sketch, Starting from Paumanok, Song of Myself, I Sing the Body Electric

Week 2: Determined, Dared, Done
Whitman’s Poetry Middle to End
Reading: In Paths Untrodden, I Hear it was Charged against Me, Crossing Brooklyn Ferry, Song of the Exposition, Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, As I Ebb’d with the Ocean of Life, When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer, When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d, O Captain My Captain, Passage to India, To a Locomotive in Winter

Week 3: He Wrote Prose, Too!
Whitman’s Articulation of Ideas of Freedom, Progress, and Democracy
Reading: Preface to Leaves of Grass, Democratic Vistas, Selections from Specimen Days

Week 4: What We Made of Whitman
Ideas of Whitman from Dickinson, Woolf, Pound, Ginsberg, Creeley, Silliman, Conrad
Readings and Quotations (including from letters, poems, and essays): Pound’s sense of his “pact” with Whitman, Ginsberg’s sense of commonality and otherness with Whitman, Creeley’s spirit of the word, Silliman’s attempt a la Whitman to write everything, and Conrad’s call for a reexamination of Whitman’s ethics. A survey of Whitman’s reputation from dangerous and dark, to good and gray, to, simply, a classic.

The Hollywood Dance Machine

Choose from 2 Sessions

Session 1
Session 2

Join Richard Hanson for a celebration of the greatest dance sequences in the history of the Hollywood Movie Musical. For almost 100 years, the Hollywood Dream Machine showcased the greatest dancers of the 20th Century, who fired the imagine of audiences who sat in the dark, watching celluloid images leap and spiral on the silver screen. Dance Fever! explores the rich history of dance in movie musicals.

We’ll honor the directors, choreographers, and stars who made the movies dance. Join the Gold Diggers as they Shuffle off to Buffalo at Warner Bros! Thrill as Fred & Ginger dance Cheek To Cheek at RKO! Marvel as the queens of tap Ann Miller and Eleanor Powell shim-sham across mirrored dance floors. Bow down as the Nicholas Brothers defy gravity. Salute Jimmy Cagney tappin’ away in Give My Regards to Broadway. Cheer Gene Kelly Singin’ in the Rain during the golden years of MGM!

Peek behind the screen into the soundstage and explore the creative process of the Hollywood choreographer and dancer. Revel in Busby Berkeley’s Lullaby of Broadway in 42nd St., Michael Kidd’s Raising the Barn in Seven Brides for Seven Brothers, Jerome Robbin’s The Small House of Uncle Thomas in The King and I, Agnes de Mille’s glorious Dream Ballet in Oklahoma, Bob Fosse’s All That Jazz, John Travolta’s tearing the dance floor up in Saturday Night Fever and Gene Kelly’s masterpiece, the An American In Paris ballet.

The movie musical also preserved a visual history of social dance. From the Minuet to the Waltz, the Turkey Trot to the Charleston, the Jitterbug to the Hand Jive, the Twist to the Mashed Potato, or the Conga to the Funky Chicken, social dance leapt from the ball room to the screen. These film treasures show how America danced through the decades.

So, put on your dancin’ shoes and join Cyd Charisse, Gregory Hines, Bob Hope, Leslie Caron, Ruby Keeler, Jacques d’Amboise, Russ Tamblyn, Moira Shearer, Patrick Swayze and a cast of thousands in a Gotta Sing! Gotta Dance! extravaganza that salutes the glorious Hooray for Hollywood world of musical movie dance.

“Come and meet those dancing feet
On the avenue I’m taking you to
Forty-Second Street!”

– Harry Warren/Al Dubin (1933)

Instructor’s Note: Dance Fever! is the second in a series of You Asked For It! classes. Dance Fever! was inspired by a 2018 Washington Post article, The 31 Best Dance Scenes in Movies which was given to me by Jill Drell. Thank you, Jill!

The Hollywood Dance Machine

Choose from 2 Sessions

Session 1
Session 2

Join Richard Hanson for a celebration of the greatest dance sequences in the history of the Hollywood Movie Musical. For almost 100 years, the Hollywood Dream Machine showcased the greatest dancers of the 20th Century, who fired the imagine of audiences who sat in the dark, watching celluloid images leap and spiral on the silver screen. Dance Fever! explores the rich history of dance in movie musicals.

We’ll honor the directors, choreographers, and stars who made the movies dance. Join the Gold Diggers as they Shuffle off to Buffalo at Warner Bros! Thrill as Fred & Ginger dance Cheek To Cheek at RKO! Marvel as the queens of tap Ann Miller and Eleanor Powell shim-sham across mirrored dance floors. Bow down as the Nicholas Brothers defy gravity. Salute Jimmy Cagney tappin’ away in Give My Regards to Broadway. Cheer Gene Kelly Singin’ in the Rain during the golden years of MGM!

Peek behind the screen into the soundstage and explore the creative process of the Hollywood choreographer and dancer. Revel in Busby Berkeley’s Lullaby of Broadway in 42nd St., Michael Kidd’s Raising the Barn in Seven Brides for Seven Brothers, Jerome Robbin’s The Small House of Uncle Thomas in The King and I, Agnes de Mille’s glorious Dream Ballet in Oklahoma, Bob Fosse’s All That Jazz, John Travolta’s tearing the dance floor up in Saturday Night Fever and Gene Kelly’s masterpiece, the An American In Paris ballet.

The movie musical also preserved a visual history of social dance. From the Minuet to the Waltz, the Turkey Trot to the Charleston, the Jitterbug to the Hand Jive, the Twist to the Mashed Potato, or the Conga to the Funky Chicken, social dance leapt from the ball room to the screen. These film treasures show how America danced through the decades.

So, put on your dancin’ shoes and join Cyd Charisse, Gregory Hines, Bob Hope, Leslie Caron, Ruby Keeler, Jacques d’Amboise, Russ Tamblyn, Moira Shearer, Patrick Swayze and a cast of thousands in a Gotta Sing! Gotta Dance! extravaganza that salutes the glorious Hooray for Hollywood world of musical movie dance.

“Come and meet those dancing feet
On the avenue I’m taking you to
Forty-Second Street!”

– Harry Warren/Al Dubin (1933)

Instructor’s Note: Dance Fever! is the second in a series of You Asked For It! classes. Dance Fever! was inspired by a 2018 Washington Post article, The 31 Best Dance Scenes in Movies which was given to me by Jill Drell. Thank you, Jill!

The Friendship of Edith Wharton and Henry James

Oro Valley Session

Edith Jones Wharton (1862-1937) was a millionairess of impeccable Old New York pedigree (“Keeping up with the Joneses” originated with her wealthy family). She was beginning her literary career when she first met Henry James (1843-1916) who was from a distinguished academic family and already an acclaimed American novelist. These two literary figures who portray the lifestyles of the rich and famous of the late 19th century became the closest of friends for many years – until Henry’s death in England in 1916.

Edith nicknamed Henry “The Master” and Henry nicknamed Edith “The Millionairess.” These two award-winning authors are considered the masters of literary realism in America in a period Mark Twain called “the Gilded Age”.

Wharton and James spent long periods visiting each other in both America and Europe and influencing each other’s novels and short stories depicting the difference between American and European cultures.

Please join Dr. Bill Fry for a glimpse into the powerful friendship that both Wharton and James considered one of the most important in their lives.

From Hunters and Gatherers to the Atomic Age

Trace the development of human culture after their emergence from Africa and entrance to the Americas. Students of Tracking the Footsteps of Humanity will get the “rest of the story” as modern humans spread throughout the globe, commit to agriculture, and establish global civilizations. Students that have not taken Tracking the Footsteps of Humanity, will have no problem jumping into the story as people begin to settle down on a global scale. The course will introduce archaeological and anthropological methods, theory, and findings through the lens of 7 broad topics. Class meetings include lecture, discussion, and readings.

Week 1: Introduction to Archaeology

Week 2: Complex Hunters and Gatherers

Week 3: Domestication

Week 4: Origins of Complexity

Week 5: Archaeology of Food and Fermentation

Week 6: Archaeology of Warfare and Violence

Week 7: Archaeology of the Modern World

Ludwig van Beethoven, one of the greatest composers in music history, was inspired by the philosophical and moral principles developed by the Enlightenment.

Beethoven’s evolution as a composer takes us from the height of musical classicism, exemplified by Mozart’s mature works, to early German Romanticism. Beethoven wrote his beautiful and innovative late string quartets and piano sonatas despite his near deafness. In fact, because of his deafness, during his last creative surge Beethoven tapped into a unique world of his own. He soared into completely uncharted territories, unencumbered by any musical influences and guided only by his unique fantasy and intuition.

We will follow Beethoven’s progress as a composer from the “heroic” phase of his creative life, which includes his Symphonies #3 and #5, his piano sonata “Appassionata” and other works, to his late piano sonatas and Symphonies #6 and #9.

Enjoy in-class performances of Beethoven’s most popular piano sonatas – “Pathetique,” “Moonlight,” “Waldstein,” “Appassionata,” and other less known sonatas, plus early Romantic compositions by Schubert and Schumann, and late Romantic pieces by Brahms.

The Friendship of Edith Wharton and Henry James

Tucson Session

Edith Jones Wharton (1862-1937) was a millionairess of impeccable Old New York pedigree (“Keeping up with the Joneses” originated with her wealthy family). She was beginning her literary career when she first met Henry James (1843-1916) who was from a distinguished academic family and already an acclaimed American novelist. These two literary figures who portray the lifestyles of the rich and famous of the late 19th century became the closest of friends for many years – until Henry’s death in England in 1916.

Edith nicknamed Henry “The Master” and Henry nicknamed Edith “The Millionairess.” These two award-winning authors are considered the masters of literary realism in America in a period Mark Twain called “the Gilded Age”.

Wharton and James spent long periods visiting each other in both America and Europe and influencing each other’s novels and short stories depicting the difference between American and European cultures.

Please join Dr. Bill Fry for a glimpse into the powerful friendship that both Wharton and James considered one of the most important in their lives.

The Impressionists and the Creation of a Modern Vision

Manet is arguably one of the most important painters in the history of art. But for all his celebrity, and for all those who claim him to be their own, he is remarkably difficult to categorize or pin down. Manet would have preferred this. Opinionated, cantankerous, protective of his talent and his own mythology, Manet would exert a profound influence on the artists who were his contemporaries and those of the younger generation. This series of lectures will look at Manet and his works in the historical context of the French Second Empire and the Third Republic and show why the younger generation of Impressionists, including Monet, Renoir and Pissaro, would embrace some of Manet’s artistic theories and reject others, keeping Manet close but separate. The solitary and individualistic Manet preferred it no other way.

Week 1: Introduction: France in the 19th Century. Political and Artistic upheaval, the French Academy in Crises and the Avant-garde— the Specter of David. Delacroix, Ingres, Courbet, Millet and the young Manet.

Week 2: Manet and the Art Establishment–venturing into shark-filled waters. But when one is a shark, one knows what to do. Patronage, the State, the official Salon and the desire for legitimacy.

Week 3: The young Impressionists, succeeding on the coattails of Manet? “Who is this Monet whose name sounds just like mine and who is taking advantage of my notoriety?”

Week 4: The lone lion.
Manet at the end of the 19th Century: Acerbically beautiful comments on the harsh reality of contemporary life. Un bar aux Folies Bergère. The idealism and escapism of the Impressionists.

Week 5: The State of the Art before the War. Fragmentation and contention: The Post-Impressionists engage the legacy of Manet while the Impressionists dissolve into the color and light of denial.

Week 6: The End of the World and the Ideal of Beauty Dims. Late Monet and Renoir – escaping into color or reestablishing form. The reaction against Impressionism, a different Modernism and the Triumph of Manet.

No class Feb 17

The Good Gray Poet at 200!

The bicentennial of Walt Whitman falls only 45 years after the bicentennial of the USA. It seems time to look at Whitman in terms of what he wrote, what he thought, and how his words have remained with us. The poet of democracy, the poet of belief in westward expansion, the poet who said he contained multitudes, the poet who wept openly at the graves of Civil War soldiers. Whitman the free verse proponent whose long lines seem to come out of the Book of Ecclesiastes, Whitman the Romantic elegist who celebrated Abraham Lincoln in a poem of traditional form and meter, Whitman who called for an America that lived up to its initial promise of democracy for all.

In four sessions we will plunge deeply into that “song of myself” which becomes a song of all selves as we discuss this founding poet of American literature.

Week 1: Body & Soul – Overview of the young Whitman
Reading: Biographical Sketch, Starting from Paumanok, Song of Myself, I Sing the Body Electric

Week 2: Whitman’s Poetry Middle to End
Reading: In Paths Untrodden, I Hear it was Charged against Me, Crossing Brooklyn Ferry, Song of the Exposition, Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, As I Ebb’d with the Ocean of Life, When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer, When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d, O Captain My Captain, Passage to India, To a Locomotive in Winter

Week 3: He Wrote Prose, Too! – Whitman’s Articulation of Ideas of Freedom, Progress, and Democracy
Reading: Preface to Leaves of Grass, Democratic Vistas, Selections from Specimen Days

Week 4: What We Made of Whitman – Ideas of Whitman from Dickinson, Woolf, Pound, Ginsberg, Creeley, Silliman, Conrad
Readings and quotations from letters, poems, and essays. A survey of Whitman’s reputation from dangerous and dark, to good and gray, to, simply, a classic.

American Voices

Join Bill Fry for an eight-week exploration of stories and poetry that illustrate the American experience from a variety of vantage points. Starting on a sheep farm in Oregon and moving through Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, New Mexico, New York and more, we’ll read works with a well-developed sense of place as we focus on uniquely American voices in literature.

Week 1: Scottie Jones – Country Grit (2017), a memoir of an experiment with sheep farming in Oregon

Week 2: Theodor Dreiser – Come Into My Parlor (1918), a novella set in Long Island

Week 3: Ernest Hemingway – “Up in Michigan” (1925)

Week 4: Willa Cather – “The Enchanted Bluff” (1909), a short story set in New Mexico

Week 5: Sinclair Lewis – Main Street (1920), a novel set in Minnesota

Week 6: Robert Frost – Selected poetry (1913-1915) set in New England

Week 7: William Dean Howells – “Editha” (1905), a short story set in Ohio

Week 8: O.Henry – “The Cop and the Anthem” and “The Gift of the Magi” (both published in 1906), two stories set in New York City

The Parliament of the United Kingdom has remote origins that stretch back into British history. It has evolved over the centuries into the governing body of the UK, regarded as the mother of parliaments. The institution has become a primary identifier of national identity, one that now considers all aspects of British life. The history of Parliament is in many ways the history of the United Kingdom itself.

Week 1: Medieval Origins
Parliament originated from the tensions within feudal relationships. Norman bodies such as the curia regis and the magnum concilium were forerunners of parliamentary development as was the sealing of Magna Carta in 1215. By the middle of the 13th century English society had started the long road to the 21st century parliament.

Week 2: Early Modern Parliaments
In the 15th and 16th centuries Parliament cemented its position as a fundamental part of the constitution. But what exactly did it do? Were its functions political, administrative, military, judicial or legislative? The Tudors (1485-1603) attempted to make Parliament ‘a creature of the monarch’, a role increasingly resented by members.

Week 3: The Sovereignty of Parliament
The Stuart century (1603-1714) settled once and for all who was to govern: the king or Parliament. The ‘struggle for the constitution’ resulted in turmoil that eventually led to the English Civil war (1642-1660) when both the monarchy and Parliament disappeared. The Restoration (1660-1688) restored the crown’s power until the Glorious Revolution (1688-89) settled the question for good. Parliamentary sovereignty became the centerpiece of the modern British constitution.

Week 4: The Modern Parliament
Since 1689 Parliament has gradually established its place as the key institution of the modern constitution. The greatest accomplishment occurred when Parliament obtained the power to tell the monarchs what he/she must do supplanting its original authority of simply telling the monarch what he/she could not do. The EU and Brexit is simply the latest in a long line of issues that Parliament must resolve.

Perspectives from Archaeology and Paleoanthropology

Paleoanthropologists have tracked the story of human evolution through over 7 million years, by following the archaeological evidence of human development. The story begins with our large bodied Miocene apes in Africa, traces the origins of bipedalism and cognitive expansion, and then follows human expansion out of Africa and into the rest of the world and beyond. We will cover seven major topics in 2-hour meetings, focusing on major discussions within paleoanthropology. Topics include understanding evolution, early hominids and the origin of bipedalism, cooking and anatomy, early migrations, art and cave paintings, the peopling of the Americas, and recent discoveries that are changing how we understand the development of modern humans.

Week 1: Understanding the Evolutionary Process and Origin of Species
Modern Evolutionary Biology – We will cover the basics of Darwinian evolution, and current research that help us understand how evolutionary forces mold species.
DNA – The second hour will focus on DNA studies that are illuminating paleoanthropology. We will briefly look at theory, methods, and findings from this area of paleoanthropological research.

Week 2: Early Hominids and the Origin of Bipedalism
Ardipithecus Group and Early Hominids – We will examine some of the earliest fossils in the hominin lineage, discuss significant changes in the skeletal anatomy, and discuss what this suggests us about the behavior of each species.
Origins of Bipedalism – The second hour will focus on theories on the origin of our unique form of locomotion. We will look closely at the evidence and potential links between past environmental change and hominin evolution.

Week 3: Cooking, Technology, Modern Human Anatomy
The Cooking Ape – Desmond Morris famously dubbed modern humans “the Naked Ape” and since then, others have employed similar labels. Here we will explore a theory that connects human digestive anatomy to cooking and to increases in cognitive ability.
The Archaeology of Food – In this second hour, we will examine how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists learn about past diets. We will discuss several methods employed in the exploration of past food systems and look at some findings from this research.

Week 4: Early Travelers
The Travels of Homo Erectus – We will look at the expansion of hominins from Africa into the rest of the world and discuss some of the theories and important sites associated with this first migration and expansion.
Expansion of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens sapiens – In the second hour, we will look at the expansion of modern humans and Neanderthals in the upper Paleolithic, including the timing and evidence of this migration.

Week 5: Development of Artwork and Cave Paintings
The Upper Paleolithic – In the Upper Paleolithic we see an explosion of new technologies as modern humans move into new ecosystems. We’ll focus on these technological developments and discuss ideas about the interaction between hominin species, as modern humans move into inhabited landscapes.
Cave Paintings, Rock Art, and the Creative Human Mind – In the second hour, we will look more closely at the expansion and development of art in the archaeological record. We will spend time with the famous cave sites, Lascaux and Chauvet Cave, and discuss the importance of the development of art.

Week 6: Expansion into the Americas
Clovis First – The peopling of the Americas is a lively topic in Archaeological research. Learn the history of the research and the development of major theories about the timing, route, and source of the first Americans.
Pre-Clovis Research – In the second hour, we will look at the current research on the peopling of the Americas, discuss major findings and new discoveries, and explore how these findings change our understanding of human expansion into the Americas.

Week 7: Recent Developments in Paleoanthropology
New Species – In this final section, we will discuss new findings that are dramatically changing the way we think about human evolution and explore the new species discovered over the past few years.
Stones, Bones, and Wrap Up – In the second hour, we will continue to talk about recent developments and talk about the implications for future research on the origins of modern humans.

American Voices

Join Bill Fry for an eight-week exploration of stories and poetry that illustrate the American experience from a variety of vantage points. Starting on a sheep farm in Oregon and moving through Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, New Mexico, New York and more, we’ll read works with a well-developed sense of place as we focus on uniquely American voices in literature.

Week 1: Scottie Jones – Country Grit (2017), a memoir of an experiment with sheep farming in Oregon

Week 2: Theodor Dreiser – Come Into My Parlor (1918), a novella set in Long Island

Week 3: Ernest Hemingway – “Up in Michigan” (1925)

Week 4: Willa Cather – “The Enchanted Bluff” (1909), a short story set in New Mexico

Week 5: Sinclair Lewis – Main Street (1920), a novel set in Minnesota

Week 6: Robert Frost – Selected poetry (1913-1915) set in New England

Week 7: William Dean Howells – “Editha” (1905), a short story set in Ohio

Week 8: O.Henry – “The Cop and the Anthem” and “The Gift of the Magi” (both published in 1906), two stories set in New York City

The Heart and Mind of Early Baroque

The world exalts Caravaggio for his dramatic light and intense naturalism whereas Annibale Carracci is little known, for his ideal beauty and energized classicism. Why has one become a towering figure of the Western Canon and the other only appreciated by students and specialists of the Italian Baroque? These two contemporaries approached the reform of painting at the end of the Sixteenth Century from entirely different directions. Discover how the intensity of Caravaggio and the sensuality of Annibale Carracci converged to create and influence all the glories and excesses of the Baroque and discuss how their works remain powerful and relevant today.

Week 1: The Italy of the Counter Reformation and the need for Reform – The Rome of the late Sixteenth Century. What is old is new again. The Bolognese Academy of Painting of Annibale Carracci and the early Career of Caravaggio.

Week 2: The Early Baroque in Rome – Caravaggio in the circle of Cardinal Francesco Maroia Del Monte and the erotics of Faith. The Saint Matthew Cycle in the Contarelli Chapel for the Church of San Luigi dei Francesi.

Week 3: Annibale Carracci and the Palazzo Farnese – Glorious Classicism and Wondrous Sensualism. The establishment of Baroque Ceiling Painting and the desire for Fame….but with a sense of humor.

Week 4: Rome in 1601 – Drama, drama, and more drama. Annibale and Caravaggio collaborate to create the Cerasi Chapel in Santa Maria del Popolo. The establishment of an artistic tradition.

Week 5: When Titans Fall – The late careers of Carracci and Caravaggio, still brilliant but falling into melancholia and violence. The profound influence of Annibale and Caravaggio on younger artists and formation of the Baroque ideal.

The Archaeology and History of Ancient Nubia

Discover Nubia, the “silent partner” to ancient Egypt’s grandeur. The source of technologies, raw goods (e.g., gold), mercenaries, and considerable interconnections, Nubia shaped ancient Egypt far more extensively than is generally understood. Meanwhile, Nubia supported several powerful, independent, millennia-long kingdoms of its own, including the Kerma and the Kush. Across five lectures, organized chronologically, we will explore the sites that were most critical to the development of ancient Nubian civilizations and have yielded its most spectacular discoveries. The archaeological and textual evidence and their importance are explained. Emphasis will be on the Kerma culture (ca. 2500-1500 BC), the 25th Dynasty/Napatans (ca. 900-300 BC), and the Meriotic kingdom (ca. 300 BC to AD 300).

Week 1: Introduction to Ancient Egypt & Nubia

Week 2: Nubia in the Beginning

Week 3: The Kerma Period

Week 4: The Kingdom of Kush

Week 5: The Pyramids and Royal Cemeteries of Nuri

Professor Creasman’s exciting work at the royal pyramids of Nuri has recently been featured by National Geographic:

• Read more about his underwater archaeology work at https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2019/07/dive-ancient-pyramid-nuri-sudan/
• Download a podcast episode called “Scuba Diving in a Pyramid” from the Overheard at National Geographic
  podcast site https://www.nationalgeographic.com/podcasts/overheard

Check your local listings for a National Geographic television documentary about the “Black Pharoahs” which will include several projects in ancient Nubia.

In an 1851 letter to Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville wrote: “When the big hearts strike together, the concussion is a little stunning.” In his book, Double Lives: American Writers’ Friendships, Richard Lingerman puts forth the opinion that the friendship of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville is one of the most important in the nation’s literary history. It came at a crucial time in both men’s careers. Melville was writing Moby Dick and the success of Hawthorne’s recently published The Scarlet Letter had won him a long-delayed emergence from obscurity. Until Melville and Hawthorne published their great novels, there was no serious American literature.

These two giants of American literature met in August of 1850, at a picnic in the Berkshires in western Massachusetts. Their lives were changed forever. Join Dr. Bill Fry for a four-week exploration of this friendship and its impact on American literature.

In an 1851 letter to Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville wrote: “When the big hearts strike together, the concussion is a little stunning.” In his book, Double Lives: American Writers’ Friendships, Richard Lingerman puts forth the opinion that the friendship of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville is one of the most important in the nation’s literary history. It came at a crucial time in both men’s careers. Melville was writing Moby Dick and the success of Hawthorne’s recently published The Scarlet Letter had won him a long-delayed emergence from obscurity. Until Melville and Hawthorne published their great novels, there was no serious American literature.

These two giants of American literature met in August of 1850, at a picnic in the Berkshires in western Massachusetts. Their lives were changed forever. Join Dr. Bill Fry for a four-week exploration of this friendship and its impact on American literature.

Exploring Paleoindian Archaeology in North America

This course is an introduction to the archaeology of Paleoindians in North America. Paleoindians are the first people in North America and they entered the region by at least 14,000 years ago. We’ll begin by reviewing the history of Paleoindian research in North America, to develop a foundation for understanding how the discipline has evolved with new methods and discoveries. We will explore archaeological discoveries that address the question of when, where, and how people first migrated to North America. The course will then take a regional approach to explore the different Paleoindian chronologies and cultures found in the archaeological record. Regions covered will include the Northeast, Southeast, High Plains and Rocky Mountains, Southwest, the Great Basin, West Coast, and Alaska. Students will become familiar with the debates and current research concerning the first Americans and will develop an understanding of the regional variations in the North American archaeological record between 14000 and 9000 years ago.

1919 – Peacemaking after the Great War

The Great War had finally ended but how to deal with Germany and the other defeated nations remained a major issue. Britain and France believed in a reparations settlement whereby Germany would pay for the cost of the war. In the two months between the armistice and the opening of the Versailles peace conference, political and social instability had swept across

Europe. Would it be possible to conciliate Germany, fend off Bolshevism and restore peace and order to the continent? The Versailles Conference did not permit the defeated nations to participate in the proceedings, for they simply had to accept the terms upon which the Allies had agreed. In addition, other Treaties tried to make the peace with Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary and Turkey. The consequences of these activities have remained controversial for a century and whether Versailles led to World War II in two decades is still a matter of debate.

Week 1: The Immediate Aftermath of the War
In all the combatant nations the armistice ushered in demands for profound political and social change that challenged the established order. In Germany, for example, the birth of the Freikorps movement (and attempts at revolution by workers following the Russian model) provoked unrest and in some cases violence. Returning to peacetime economies required major adjustments just as soldiers were being demobilized. The situation required high levels of statesmanship on the part of the Big Four: Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Great Britain, Orlando of Italy and Wilson of the United States.

Week 2: The Versailles Treaty
The Treaty first established the League of Nations, a goal much desired by President Woodrow Wilson but destined to be rejected by the United States. The next major issue was that of reparations. From the beginning many economists thought that reparations would place an undue burden on Germany and prevent her from gaining any measure of recovery. That in turn would diminish the economies of the victorious Allies. The most famous (or infamous) article in the treaty was 231, which placed sole responsibility for the outbreak of hostilities on Germany. She also lost her colonies and territories that contained German-speaking minorities. Germany also lost her High Seas fleet and was restricted in the size of her army. Too vindictive or too lenient has remained the primary question.

Week 3: The Minor Treaties
There were four additional Treaties that complemented the Versailles Treaty. These made a separate peace with Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary and Turkey. The provisions involved the transfer of territories and populations of the defunct Hapsburg and Ottoman Empires from the losers to the victors. Turkey never accepted her treaty and fought a long war with Greece that lasted until 1922. The articles contained in these Treaties were always bitterly resented by the losers who saw the principle of self-determination violated at almost every turn. The conditions imposed on the losers rarely led to reconciliation and always led to continuing resentment.

Week 4: The Legacy
Only two decades separated the two World Wars. The Versailles Treaty has always attracted criticism for its role in this outcome. The high ideals brought to the conference and their betrayal by one or more of the Allies remain conduct hard to justify in retrospect. The fear of Bolshevik Russia underlay the feelings of both the victors and the losers. The Treaty no doubt framed a context for what followed, but whether it was a cause still is debated.

Over a musical career that spanned nearly five decades, Leonard Cohen wrote songs that addressed — in spare language that could be both oblique and telling — themes of love and faith, despair and exaltation, solitude and connection, war and politics. A hugely influential and critically acclaimed singer and songwriter, Cohen released fourteen studio albums between 1967 and 2016, the last being You Want It Darker, the title track of which posthumously won him the Grammy for Best Rock Performance. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2008 and the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2010 and was honored with a lifetime achievement award at the 2010 Grammys. He won both the Prince of Asturias Award for Literature and the Glenn Gould Prize in 2011, and the first PEN New England Song Lyrics of Literary Excellence Award in 2012. Cohen died in Los Angeles on November 7, 2016. More than 2,000 recordings of his songs have been made, initially by the folk-pop singers who were his first champions, like Judy Collins and Tim Hardin, and later by performers from across the spectrum of popular music, among them U2, Aretha Franklin, R.E.M., Jeff Buckley, Trisha Yearwood and Elton John.

The 16th-century Venetians proudly saw themselves as different and apart, and in many ways culturally superior to their sister city-states on the Italian mainland. How could they not; their remarkable city floated, cloud-like and ethereal, on the lagoons of the Adriatic? This remarkable occurrence of building a city on water with canals, instead of streets, created a city filled with color and light. Florence, Milan or Rome just could not compete.

The venerable Venetian republic encouraged a Christian ethos of charity and responsibility paired with a love of ceremony and sumptuous display. This often ran counter to the wishes and dictates of the Holy Father in Rome, frequently bringing the Venetians in direct conflict with their Italian brothers and sisters. This fierce independence, theologically, politically and culturally, blended with the remarkable history and incredible wealth of Venice to foster the sumptuous and sensual artistic atmosphere of the Most Serene Republic. Through artists, such as Giovanni Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Tinteretto and Veronese, Venice, this city married to Christ and the Sea, created one of the most spiritually powerful but sensually charged visual traditions, but also one of the most brilliant and long lasting artistic movements in the Western Canon.

Week 1: Introduction
Background and what is it about Venice? The European World in 1400.

Week 2: 15th-century Developments
Venice, its history and Giovanni Bellini – the City at the Cross-Roads of the World.

Week 3: Into the 16th-century
Titian – a most precocious talent. The Frari and the Triumph of Color and Light

Week 4: Titian – the Most Popular Painter in Europe
Painter to Kings, Popes and an occasional Duke. Venetian Power through Art.

Week 5: Tinteretto and Veronese
The younger generation and the continuation of a tradition. How does one compete with Titian?

Week 6: The Party is over, or is it just beginning?
Late Titian and the younger generation comes into its own. The decoration of the Venetian Scuola. Triumph and Controversy – the rush to the Baroque.

Word Play: The little-known origins of common phrases and expressions

Join Bill Fry and his guest Neil Deppe for an enlightening exploration of colloquial expressions and figures of speech during cocktail hour at the lovely Hacienda del Sol Guest Ranch Resort. We’ll have some fun with the English language and discover where, how and with whom some of our popular sayings originated. Proceeds from this event will support Make Way for Books, an early literacy nonprofit organization whose mission is to give all children the chance to read and succeed.

A Roman Poet Weaves Greek Mythology

Besides being one of the best ancient anthologies of Greek Mythology, Ovid’s Metamorphoses masterfully presents these tales in a complex poetic framework. With transformation as the main unifying theme, Ovid weaves together tales of world creation, activities of gods and heroes that end with events of his own time. Connecting these diverse tales are recurrent motifs of characters—such as deities Minerva and Apollo; themes—gods’ punishment of human wrongs, improper sexual desires, heroic deeds, more; and storytelling ties among the tales. Ovid masterfully presents his mythological epic with poetic innovation, making it significant in his own time.
Ovid’s imaginative lens enhances these tales with this one Roman’s creative interpretation, which offers modern readers a nuanced, multi-textured appreciation of these ancient tales.
Selections from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, will be recommended to enhance students’ understanding and appreciation of the topic, but such reading is not required.
We will read selections from the indicated books (poem divisions) that best exemplify the themes and storytelling of the poem.

Week 1: Books 1-2
Creation of the world, human beings

Week 2: Books 3-5
Early human activities, god-human interactions

Week 3: Books 6-8
Heroes; male and female wrongdoers

Week 4: Books 9-10
More heroes; love gone awry

Week 5: Books 11-13
Troy and its aftermath

Week 6: Books 14-15
Aeneas, Rome, Pythagoras, contemporary

The Forgotten Tunesmiths of The Great American Song Book

Shine On Harvest Moon, My Melancholy Baby, For Me and My Gal, Happy Days Are Here Again – who wrote these songs? As Time Goes By celebrates the forgotten composers and lyricists who created musical memories alongside George Gershwin, Irving Berlin, Harold Arlen, and Cole Porter.

You may not recognize the names of Gus Kahn, Milton Ager, Carolyn Leigh, Leo Robin, or Walter Donaldson, but you know their songs: I’ll See You in My Dreams, Ain’t She Sweet, Witchcraft, Beyond The Blue Horizon, and Makin’ Whoopee!

Meet the invisible music makers who toiled in Tin Pan Alley and wrote songs which mirrored the American experience and created an emotional song history of our times. Their songs have become part of the soundtrack of our lives.

As Time Goes By toasts the composers and lyricists who wrote songs that sound as fresh today as when they were first written: The Boy Next Door, Tea for Two, Stardust, The Birth of Blues, or The Best Things in Life Are Free.

From the stages of Vaudeville and Broadway to the glory days of the Hollywood Dream Factory, the songwriters of As Time Goes By created a songbook of standards that live on today.

You must remember this,

A kiss is still a kiss,

A sigh is just a sigh.

The fundamental things apply

As Time Goes By.

The Forgotten Tunesmiths of The Great American Song Book

Shine On Harvest Moon, My Melancholy Baby, For Me and My Gal, Happy Days Are Here Again – who wrote these songs? As Time Goes By celebrates the forgotten composers and lyricists who created musical memories alongside George Gershwin, Irving Berlin, Harold Arlen, and Cole Porter.

You may not recognize the names of Gus Kahn, Milton Ager, Carolyn Leigh, Leo Robin, or Walter Donaldson, but you know their songs: I’ll See You in My Dreams, Ain’t She Sweet, Witchcraft, Beyond The Blue Horizon, and Makin’ Whoopee!

Meet the invisible music makers who toiled in Tin Pan Alley and wrote songs which mirrored the American experience and created an emotional song history of our times. Their songs have become part of the soundtrack of our lives.

As Time Goes By toasts the composers and lyricists who wrote songs that sound as fresh today as when they were first written: The Boy Next Door, Tea for Two, Stardust, The Birth of Blues, or The Best Things in Life Are Free.

From the stages of Vaudeville and Broadway to the glory days of the Hollywood Dream Factory, the songwriters of As Time Goes By created a songbook of standards that live on today.

You must remember this,

A kiss is still a kiss,

A sigh is just a sigh.

The fundamental things apply

As Time Goes By.

Henri Matisse is known for both his brilliant use of color and his remarkable draftsmanship. Matisse was one of the artists, along with Pablo Picasso, who helped usher in the revolutionary developments in the visual arts in the first quarter of the twentieth century. Like Picasso, Matisse was interested in the exotic and was influenced by non-European cultures. A little known fact is that Matisse was captivated by the beauty of the art of the Inuit people of the Arctic and created a series of black and white portraits – remarkable because Matisse is known for his brilliant use of color – of the Inuit people. Matisse was captivated by the idea of Yua, which means the spiritual interconnectedness of all living things. We will investigate Matisse and his career in two classroom sessions plus a day trip to the Heard Museum for a guided tour of Yua Henri Matisse and the Inner Arctic Spirit – an exclusive exhibit of rarely seen works featuring the surprising connection between Matisse and the indigenous people of the Arctic. This examination of Matisse will demonstrate how his experience with the Inuit inspired and helped him define his ideas about art and influenced the direction of Modern Art.

Day Trip:
When: Monday January 28, 8:00am-4:15pm

Local Color and Regionalism in American Literature
Local color or regional literature focuses on a specific geographical location of our country and details the characters, dialect, customs, dress, manners, sometimes even the topography and architecture of the setting. The local color movement started just after the close of the Civil War and morphed into regionalism in the early 20th century. American literary scholars, Amy Kaplan in the Columbia History of the American Novel and Richard Brodhead in Cultures and Letters, both argue that the local color movement aided the reunification of America following the Civil War and contributed to the building of a national identity toward the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century. During the early 20th century, this literary emphasis on a particular area of the country and its characters morphed into the movement we speak of as “regionalism.” Think of Frost’s New England, or Faulkner’s South, or Hemingway’s Upper Michigan, or Cather’s Mid-West or Steinbeck’s California. A sense of place is still today an important aspect of contemporary American literature. Join us for a survey of great American authors who have captured the vastly different sections of our country and the characters who have populated these areas.

Week 1: Discussion of the development of the literary movements of local color (1865-1900) and regionalism (20th century and beyond). We will briefly survey major authors of fiction, poetry and drama who have been influenced by these movements from 1865 to the present: Bret Harte, Mark Twain, Kate Chopin, Sarah Orne Jewett, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sidney Lanier, James Whitcomb Riley, Edgar Lee Masters, Erskine Caldwell, Ole Rolvaag, Willa Cather, Thornton Wilder, Zora Neale Hurston, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, Tennessee Williams to popular contemporary authors such as John Grisham.

Week 2: Mary E. Wilkins Freeman (1852-1930): A New England Nun (1891), a story set in Massachusetts.

Week 3: Ambrose Bierce (1842- 1914): Selected stories set in Tennessee and Louisiana: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (1888) and The Moonlit Road (1894).

Week 4: Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935) – Selected poetry set in Maine from Children of the Night (1897).

Week 5: Hamlin Garland (1860-1940): Under the Lion’s Paw (1890), a story set in both Wisconsin and South Dakota.

Week 6: Jesse Stuart (1907-1984): The Thread That Runs So True (1949), an autobiography set in Kentucky.

Week 7: Langston Hughes (1902-1967): Cora Unashamed (1933), a story set in Iowa.

Week 8: John Steinbeck (1902-1968): The Chrysanthemums (1938), a story set in California.

This new course will concentrate on eight individual compositions for piano by great masters. Each class meeting will be dedicated to one composer. We will discuss style developments, innovative approaches and historical influences as manifested in their works. The pieces chosen for demonstration and performance represent the most historically and artistically valuable contributions by the great composers of the 18th and 19th century. As we listen to their masterpieces, we will also look at their personal life stories, the historical and cultural environment in which they lived, and their relationship to each other. Combining lecture with piano performances by the instructor, this class will expand your understanding of familiar works.

Week 1: Goldberg Variations by Bach

Week 2: Sonata Appassionata by Beethoven

Week 3: Wanderer Fantasy by Schubert

Week 4: Carnaval by Schumann

Week 5: Polonaise-Fantaisie by Chopin

Week 6: Piano Sonata in B minor by Liszt

Week 7: Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel by Brahms

Week 8: Piano Concerto in B-flat minor by Tchaikovsky

Local Color and Regionalism in American Literature
Local color or regional literature focuses on a specific geographical location of our country and details the characters, dialect, customs, dress, manners, sometimes even the topography and architecture of the setting. The local color movement started just after the close of the Civil War and morphed into regionalism in the early 20th century. American literary scholars, Amy Kaplan in the Columbia History of the American Novel and Richard Brodhead in Cultures and Letters, both argue that the local color movement aided the reunification of America following the Civil War and contributed to the building of a national identity toward the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century. During the early 20th century, this literary emphasis on a particular area of the country and its characters morphed into the movement we speak of as “regionalism.” Think of Frost’s New England, or Faulkner’s South, or Hemingway’s Upper Michigan, or Cather’s Mid-West or Steinbeck’s California. A sense of place is still today an important aspect of contemporary American literature. Join us for a survey of great American authors who have captured the vastly different sections of our country and the characters who have populated these areas.

Week 1: Discussion of the development of the literary movements of local color (1865-1900) and regionalism (20th century and beyond). We will briefly survey major authors of fiction, poetry and drama who have been influenced by these movements from 1865 to the present: Bret Harte, Mark Twain, Kate Chopin, Sarah Orne Jewett, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sidney Lanier, James Whitcomb Riley, Edgar Lee Masters, Erskine Caldwell, Ole Rolvaag, Willa Cather, Thornton Wilder, Zora Neale Hurston, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, Tennessee Williams to popular contemporary authors such as John Grisham.

Week 2: Mary E. Wilkins Freeman (1852-1930): A New England Nun (1891), a story set in Massachusetts.

Week 3: Ambrose Bierce (1842- 1914): Selected stories set in Tennessee and Louisiana: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (1888) and The Moonlit Road (1894).

Week 4: Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935) – Selected poetry set in Maine from Children of the Night (1897).

Week 5: Hamlin Garland (1860-1940): Under the Lion’s Paw (1890), a story set in both Wisconsin and South Dakota.

Week 6: Jesse Stuart (1907-1984): The Thread That Runs So True (1949), an autobiography set in Kentucky.

Week 7: Langston Hughes (1902-1967): Cora Unashamed (1933), a story set in Iowa.

Week 8: John Steinbeck (1902-1968): The Chrysanthemums (1938), a story set in California.

The Convergence of Art and Religion

There is a timeless union of art and religious expression, from the earliest spiritual depictions through the theological evolution of Western civilization to the significant though less familiar traditions of holy art in the non-Western world. No catalog of the world’s greatest art could be complete without abundant religious entries nor is it surprising that religious art constitutes a substantial portion of nearly every major museum’s holdings. Whether great artists were religious or not, many have made images of the gods and spirits according to their society’s belief system, a cultural legacy for every art lover. Explore this vast genre in a survey in 5 sessions that covers the most significant paintings, sculpture and architecture inspired by the divine. Topics include mythology, paganism, Hebrew and Early Christian, Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the modern era. Plus artwork of the Eastern religions, Native America, Asia and Africa. Guest speakers will include artists, collectors and experts from the art world.

Week 1: Introduction – Myth and Monotheism
Early spirits, primitives, ancient civilizations. Classical Greek, Roman sculpture, early Judaic, Christian and Islamic works. Middle Ages and the Gothic masterpieces.

Week 2: Renaissance Part I – Hellas Rediscovered Triumph of the narrative painting form.

Week 3: Renaissance Part II – The Golden Age of Christian Art
The Bible made visible, the important dead made divine.

Week 4: Modern Era
Modern man looks inward. Humanism and revival.

Week 5: Global/Contemporary
Religious art of the world. Societal, environmental and alternate themes

Yesterday and Today

Treat yourself to a fun-filled exploration of select Greek islands, both their ancient highlights and modern allures. Each class session begins by surveying the distinctive geographical and landscape features of individual islands, which are remarkably distinct from each other. We then view the ancient artistic and literary highlights, followed by the fantastic drives and views, beaches and water sports, delightful dining, waterfront areas, and other cultural amenities each island offers. From the Cyclades to Crete to the northern Dodecanese islands, you’ll discover fascinating details of Greek life past and present. If you are planning a trip or dream about doing so, you’ll enjoy this armchair adventure.

Week 1: Naxos and Paros

Week 2: Santorini

Week 3: Crete

Week 4: Karpathos and Rhodes

Week 5: Kos and Khios

Week 6: Samos and Lesvos

From Hunters and Gatherers to the Atomic Age

This course surveys the development of human culture after their emergence from Africa and entrance to the Americas. Students of Tracking the Footsteps of Humanity will get the “rest of the story” as modern humans spread throughout the globe, commit to agriculture, and establish global civilizations. Students that have not taken Tracking the Footsteps of Humanity, will have no problem jumping into the story as people begin to settle down on a global scale. The course will introduce archaeological and anthropological methods, theory, and findings through the lens of 6 broad topics. Class meetings include lecture, discussion, and readings.

Week 1: The Archaeology of Hunters and Gatherers

Week 2: Domestication

Week 3: Origins of Complexity

Week 4: Archaeology of Food and Fermentation

Week 5: Archaeology of Warfare and Violence

Week 6: Archaeology of the Modern World

Don’t miss this morning of music presented by Tucson favorite Bob Bernhardt and combined with sweet and savory brunch treats prepared by the award-winning culinary team at Hacienda del Sol Guest Ranch and Resort. A feast for both body and soul, this event will include two hour-long lectures with a “brunch break” in between.

From his “discovery” as a 20 year old by Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms felt the weight of history. He was expected to be the next Beethoven, but instead he became a perfect Brahms. Explore his earliest works for orchestra and experience his concertos in the first hour, then in the second hour enjoy an in-depth look and opportunity to listen to his four symphonies.

The Special Magic of Music for Film

Join Bob Bernhardt for a chronological overview of music for film from the 1930s to present day. Hear music from Eric Korngold, Max Steiner, Miklos Rozsa and Dmitri Tiomkin through Henry Mancini, Jerry Goldsmith and Alfred Newman to the music of James Horner, Michael Jiacchino and of course, John Williams as we travel from Gone with the Wind to The Last Jedi with stops at Ben Hur, The Magnificent Seven, Breakfast at Tiffany’s and more.

The Theatre of Conscience

“You’ve got to be taught to hate and fear, you’ve got to be taught from year to year,

It’s got to be drummed in your dear little ear, you’ve got to be carefully taught . . .”

– Oscar Hammerstein, South Pacific

Oscar Hammerstein II was a surrogate father and mentor to Stephen Sondheim. Hammerstein passed on to Sondheim the craft and art of creating Musical Theatre. “In one afternoon I learned more about songwriting and the musical theatre than most people learn in a lifetime.” Carefully Taught explores the theatre of conscience that is at the core of the musicals of Oscar Hammerstein and Stephen Sondheim. Both men explored social issues and subjects that had been off-limits in American Musical Comedy: Race prejudice, miscegenation, ethnic gang warfare, anti-immigration, the rise of Nazism in pre-war Austria, spousal abuse, and the moral responsibility of parenthood.

From Show Boat to Into the Woods, Carousel to Sweeney Todd, Oklahoma to Sunday In The Park with George, The Sound of Music to West Side Story, Carefully Taught celebrates the genius of Oscar Hammerstein and Stephen Sondheim as the two most influential artists of the American Musical Theatre. Both men managed to entertain and at the same time, speak to a higher moral truth in their work.

“Careful the things you say, children will listen.

Careful the things you do, children will see & learn…”

– Stephen Sondheim, Into the Woods

The Theatre of Conscience

“You’ve got to be taught to hate and fear, you’ve got to be taught from year to year,

It’s got to be drummed in your dear little ear, you’ve got to be carefully taught . . .”

– Oscar Hammerstein, South Pacific

Oscar Hammerstein II was a surrogate father and mentor to Stephen Sondheim. Hammerstein passed on to Sondheim the craft and art of creating Musical Theatre. “In one afternoon I learned more about songwriting and the musical theatre than most people learn in a lifetime.” Carefully Taught explores the theatre of conscience that is at the core of the musicals of Oscar Hammerstein and Stephen Sondheim. Both men explored social issues and subjects that had been off-limits in American Musical Comedy: Race prejudice, miscegenation, ethnic gang warfare, anti-immigration, the rise of Nazism in pre-war Austria, spousal abuse, and the moral responsibility of parenthood.

From Show Boat to Into the Woods, Carousel to Sweeney Todd, Oklahoma to Sunday In The Park with George, The Sound of Music to West Side Story, Carefully Taught celebrates the genius of Oscar Hammerstein and Stephen Sondheim as the two most influential artists of the American Musical Theatre. Both men managed to entertain and at the same time, speak to a higher moral truth in their work.

“Careful the things you say, children will listen.

Careful the things you do, children will see & learn…”

– Stephen Sondheim, Into the Woods

The Palaces of the French Monarchy and the Power of Place

When examining why Francois I brought the Italians to decorate Fontainebleau, or Catherine de Medici constructed the Tuileries Palace at the Louvre, or the whole history of Versailles under the Bourbons, it becomes clear that the French monarchy always carefully orchestrated the symbolism of its palaces and chateaux. Just mentioning their names evokes images of beauty, luxury and great artistic achievement, but also, power, ceremony and intrigue. Even without a monarchy these palaces still exert a powerful influence on our imagination, understanding, and cultural memory. This series of lectures examines three of the most famous royal residences from their construction to their use in present times. Artistic and architectural achievement, politics, economics and social developments will be interwoven with the interesting lives of those who lived in these luxurious royal abodes ranging from the Valois Kings to Napoleon III in the 19th Century.

1890-1960

Although women authors have been part of the American literary scene since Puritan poet Anne Bradstreet in the 17th century, Abigail Adams in the 18th century, and Louisa May Alcott, Harriet Beecher Stowe and Emily Dickinson (and others) in the 19th century, it was not until the Progressive Era, beginning around 1890 and lasting well into the 20th century, that the true Grand Dames arrived on the scene. These authors were intelligent, sophisticated, talented, courageous, prolific and memorable. By the turn of the 20th century, the “new women” authors were using their literary talents to change the definition of womanhood in profound ways. They were getting jobs, attending college, fighting for the right to vote, rejecting the traditional domestic life, and proudly becoming part of the American literary landscape, many times against all odds. Join Dr. Bill Fry for this 8-week survey in which we will become better acquainted with the early Grand Dames of American literature.

Week 1: An introductory survey of five authors with brief readings from each:

1. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911)

2. Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935)

3. Ellen Glasgow (1874-1945)

4. Gertrude Stein (1874-1946)

5. Hilda Doolittle (H.D.) (1886-1946)

Week 2: Kate Chopin (1851-1904) – “The Story of An Hour” (Short story)

Sarah Orne Jewett (1849-1909) – “The Dulham Ladies” (Short story)

Week 3: Edith Wharton (1862-1937) – “Roman Fever” (Short story)

Week 4: Amy Lowell (1874-1925) and Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950) (Selected poetry)

Week 5: Willa Cather (1873-1947) – “Paul’s Case”

Week 6: Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) – Their Eyes Were Watching God (Novel)

Week 7: Katherine Anne Porter (1890-1980) – “He” (Short story)

Week 8: Eudora Welty (1909-2001) – “The Petrified Man” (Short story)

1918 and the End of the Great War

Few individuals, civilian or military, anticipated an end to the War in this year. Russia had dropped out of the War in 1917, so the German army had transferred many of its divisions from the Eastern to the Western front. At the beginning of the year, therefore, the Germans enjoyed a numerical advantage over the Allies. In the spring of 1917 the French undertook offensives; In the fall it was the British. All of them had failed. American entry into the War, thought to occur in July, presented the Germans with a nightmare because the United States had an unending supply of troops to enter the War. General Ludendorff believed that he must launch a new offensive to end the War. In the spring of 1918 Germany sustained a number of offensives from March through July. Despite individual victories of great magnitude, the Germans did not gain the advantages they sought. In the summer of 1918 the Allies, now including the Americans, turned the tide with victory after victory. By September the German High Command concluded that the War was lost and started to seek an armistice. On Nov 11, at 11:00 am, the gunfire ceased. The Great War had ended.

Week 1: The Great Gamble
Circumstances, especially the arrival of American soldiers, made the German leadership conclude that they must win the War before the Americans could make a difference. Just as the Germans had gambled at the outset of the War in 1914 that the Schlieffen Plan would secure victory, now in 1918, they gambled that their attacks would force the Allies to seek peace. Their plans came close to success but did not prevail. By July the Germans had to face the consequences of their failure.

Week 2: The Hundred Days
As Germany’s resources waned, the strength of the Allies rose dramatically. As the ability of the Germans to defend ebbed, the Allies won victory after victory. By the end of September, the German High Command was forced to conclude that although it could still defend, it could not win. Fears of domestic revolution added to the concerns of German authorities. As a result, seeking an armistice seemed the only alternative.

Week 3: The Great Flu
Early in 1918 a new, deadly strain of flu started perhaps the greatest pandemic in human history. In 18 months the flu killed more people than those who died in the War. It struck down the young rather than the very young and the very old. Masses of soldiers together in military camps provided the perfect opportunity for the flu to strike its victims. The flu was a global phenomenon that attacked populations in every part of the world. The random nature of who lived, who died and who escaped the contagion altogether added to the nightmare.

Week 4: The Armistice
By the fall of 1918 Germany was not only losing its own War, but its allies were also looking to end the fighting with or without the Germans. Austria-Hungary endured domestic tumult as the Hapsburgs passed into history. The same fate also happened to the Ottoman Empire. When Bulgaria put out peace feelers, Germany had little choice but to follow as well. Throughout October Germany negotiated primarily with the United States for a truce based on president Wilson’s Fourteen Points. On November 9 Germany was declared a republic and the Kaiser abdicated. The new government signed the armistice agreement on November 11. The guns went silent at last.

Being a true Romantic artist, Chopin created a new piano style of extreme emotional intensity expressed in absolutely perfect form. After leaving Poland Chopin settled in Paris where he met and befriended great French writers, composers and painters such as Balzac, Berlioz and Delacroix. He stunned French aristocracy and general public with his blend of Polish folk elements and the universal European style.

Chopin was a truly innovative piano virtuoso sublimating his brilliant pianistic arsenal into transcendent artistic creativity. Chopin’s music symbolizes Polish culture in many different ways. He was a Polish patriot and a true national composer. Chopin created piano pieces where the Polish national character is reflected through the beautiful, often sad, melodies, particular Slavic modes and rhythmic patterns. The call to Polish Independence is clearly heard in his polonaises, and his mazurkas reflect endless varieties of moods truly which became Chopin’s emotional diary throughout his life.

In a series of lectures illustrated with piano performances of selected works, explore Chopin’s music starting with his early piano concertos and etudes, continuing with his beautiful nocturnes, waltzes, mazurkas, barcarolle and polonaises. Special attention will be devoted to four Ballades, true romantic masterpieces, where Chopin’s genius reached the utmost height. We will discuss Chopin’s life, his relationship with George Sand, famous French novelist and his partner, who greatly influenced his life, as well as Chopin’s personality and connections with famous contemporaries such as Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt and Felix Mendelssohn.

1890-1960

Although women authors have been part of the American literary scene since Puritan poet Anne Bradstreet in the 17th century, Abigail Adams in the 18th century, and Louisa May Alcott, Harriet Beecher Stowe and Emily Dickinson (and others) in the 19th century, it was not until the Progressive Era, beginning around 1890 and lasting well into the 20th century, that the true Grand Dames arrived on the scene. These authors were intelligent, sophisticated, talented, courageous, prolific and memorable. By the turn of the 20th century, the “new women” authors were using their literary talents to change the definition of womanhood in profound ways. They were getting jobs, attending college, fighting for the right to vote, rejecting the traditional domestic life, and proudly becoming part of the American literary landscape, many times against all odds. Join Dr. Bill Fry for this 8-week survey in which we will become better acquainted with the early Grand Dames of American literature.

Week 1: An introductory survey of five authors with brief readings from each:

1. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911)

2. Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935)

3. Ellen Glasgow (1874-1945)

4. Gertrude Stein (1874-1946)

5. Hilda Doolittle (H.D.) (1886-1946)

Week 2: Kate Chopin (1851-1904) – “The Story of An Hour” (Short story)

Sarah Orne Jewett (1849-1909) – “The Dulham Ladies” (Short story)

Week 3: Edith Wharton (1862-1937) – “Roman Fever” (Short story)

Week 4: Amy Lowell (1874-1925) and Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950) (Selected poetry)

Week 5: Willa Cather (1873-1947) – “Paul’s Case”

Week 6: Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) – Their Eyes Were Watching God (Novel)

Week 7: Katherine Anne Porter (1890-1980) – “He” (Short story)

Week 8: Eudora Welty (1909-2001) – “The Petrified Man” (Short story)

Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson

Also see Tucson Session

During the 19th century, American poets, like those of Europe, were writing in traditional verse forms and the poems were nearly always in rhymed verse. We all remember memorizing those rhythmical lines from Longfellow and Poe. Actually, Emerson once called Poe “the jingle man” after reading The Raven, The Bells, and Annabel Lee. Then, Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson arrived on the American poetic scene and became beacons of change and experimentation. Both received criticism for their poetry and were totally misunderstood for their unorthodox styles. Poetry scholars today realize that both Whitman and Dickinson were challenging the norms and greatly influenced the movements in poetry following World War I such as Modernism, Imagism and beyond.

Walt Whitman (1819-1892) began his career in poetry in writing verse that was typical of the early part of the 19th century; however, in 1855 he published his first edition of Leaves of Grass. That book and later editions of it changed American poetry (and world poetry) forever. He created free verse which had no rhyme and no specific form. His lines of poetry were of vastly different lengths; his poems didn’t look like poems on the page. He made use of long lists which he called catalogs, phrases celebrating the unique character of the American people, democracy, and the beauty of the landscape. He also was the first to celebrate the human body and sexuality – giving graphic descriptions of the parts of the female and male bodies. He described not only heterosexual love, but also homosexual love. He was also the first poet to honor the great diversity of the American people in gender, race, ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. There are many other inventive accomplishments to be found in Whitman’s numerous editions of his Leaves of Grass, an American classic that has changed poetry for the 20th and 21st centuries.

Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) wrote over 1,775 poems but only published eleven during her lifetime. But today she is one of the most celebrated American poets. Who has not read I’m Nobody, Some Keep the Sabbath, or A Narrow Fellow in the Grass? Emily, too, was breaking new ground in creating new types of rhymes which she called “sight rhymes” (eye rhyme) and “half rhymes” (slant rhyme). She experimented with punctuation by eliminating most commas and periods and making significant use of the dash to show her breaks in thought and to allow her readers to fill in the missing words. Another experiment of hers was the unorthodox use of capitalization in unusual places to show emphasis. Dickinson was the forerunner of the confessional poets of the 1950’s-1970’s: Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton, Adrienne Rich. She wrote of her inner-most feelings, passions, torments (“I had a terror I could tell to none.”). She was also a forerunner of the 20th century modernist poets as her poems deal with very complex themes such as her questioning the existence of a benevolent God or anguishing over her fears of life and an afterlife. Dickinson gave American literature a body of poetry that was unfettered by time or fashion and became the idol and inspiration for many poets who followed her.

At the end of the nineteenth century the British Empire comprised approximately one third of the world’s population and one fourth of the world’s territory. Add to that the naval supremacy enjoyed by Britain and the imperial governance reached its apex. Pride in empire was the ‘greater nationalism’ of Britain. They were indeed the ‘lords of humankind.’ The imperial impulse has existed from medieval to modern times and the path from empire to commonwealth runs for centuries. What remains is the continuing debate over the value and validity of the Empire itself.

Week 1: The Angevin Empire, 1154 – 1558
From its inception with the accession of Henry II in 1154 to the loss of Calais in 1558, England sought to expand its power in Ireland, Scotland and Wales. These efforts, although often desultory, followed a pattern of failure and success for centuries. In Wales only had the English established a permanent sovereignty. In addition, the position of the king of England as also the duke of Normandy enmeshed England in French politics. Henry II was arguably the most powerful monarch in Europe. In 1180 he controlled more territory in France than did the French king. The long struggle to acquire France lay at the heart of the Angevin Empire.

Week 2: The Old Empire, 1558 – 1789
This era laid the foundations of imperial greatness. The British expanded into distant areas of the globe in competition with the Dutch, French and Spanish. The motives for these rivalries were both foreign and domestic. The British defeated the French for dominion in India and began a debate that questioned whether the empire had any long term value.

Week 3: The Empire at its Zenith, 1789 – 1945
British imperial growth occurred all around the world including the scramble for Africa and hegemony in the Middle East. The Empire became a model for other European nations who aspired to gain empires of their own. None, however, could match the size and strength of the British Empire. It is this period that permits an evaluation of the imperial ideology, the intellectual premises upon which the empire rested and the criticisms that opposed them.

Week 4: The End of the Empire, 1945 to the Present
World War II had exhausted the resources of Great Britain. Indian independence in 1947 and the establishment of a sovereign Israel in 1948 heralded the dismantling of the formal empire, though some nations chose to remain in the Commonwealth. Scholars now discuss not so much the British impact on its possessions, but what influence the empire had on British society. The empire has retained a scholarly importance even as its actual size has diminished greatly.

Perspectives from Archaeology and Paleoanthropology

Paleoanthropologists have tracked the story of human evolution through over 7 million years, by following the archaeological evidence of human development. The story begins with our large bodied Miocene apes in Africa, traces the origins of bipedalism and cognitive expansion, and then follows human expansion out of Africa and into the rest of the world and beyond. Topics include understanding evolution, early hominids and the origin of bipedalism, cooking and anatomy, early migrations, art and cave paintings, the peopling of the Americas, and recent discoveries that are changing how we understand the development of modern humans.

Week 1: Understanding the Evolutionary Process and Origin of Species
Modern Evolutionary Biology: Review the basics of Darwinian evolution, and current research that help us understand how evolutionary forces mold species.
DNA: Also focus on DNA studies that are illuminating paleoanthropology. Consider theories, methods, and findings from this area of paleoanthropological research.

Week 2: Early Hominids and the Origin of Bipedalism
Ardipithecus Group and Early Hominids: Look at some of the earliest fossils in the hominin lineage, discuss significant changes in the skeletal anatomy, and discuss what this suggests to us about the behavior of each species.
Origins of Bipedalism: Examine theories of the origin of our unique form of locomotion and consider the evidence and potential links between past environmental change and hominin evolution.

Week 3: Cooking, Technology, Modern Human Anatomy
The Cooking Ape: Desmond Morris famously dubbed modern humans “the Naked Ape”. Since then, others have employed similar labels. Explore a theory that connects human digestive anatomy to cooking and to increases in cognitive ability.
The Archaeology of Food: Discover how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists learn about past diets, and discuss several methods employed in the exploration of past food systems.

Week 4. Early travelers
The Travels of Homo erectus: Trace the expansion of hominins from Africa into the rest of the world and discuss some of the theories and important sites associated with this first migration and expansion.
Expansion of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens sapiens: Explore the expansion of modern humans and Neanderthals in the upper Paleolithic, looking at the timing and evidence of this migration.

Week 5: Development of Artwork and Cave Paintings
The Upper Paleolithic: In the Upper Paleolithic we see an explosion of new technologies as modern humans move into new ecosystems. Consider some of these technological developments and ideas about the interaction between hominin species, as modern humans move into inhabited landscapes.
Cave Paintings, Rock Art, and the Creative Human Mind: Look more closely at the expansion and development of art in the archaeological record and famous cave sites, Lascaux and Chauvet Cave, and discuss the importance of the development of art.

Week 6: Expansion into the Americas
Clovis First: The peopling of the Americas is a lively topic in archaeological research. Examine the history of the research and the development of major theories about the timing, route, and source of the first Americans.
Pre-Clovis Research: Consider the current research on the peopling of the Americas, discuss major findings and new discoveries, and explore how these findings change our understanding of human expansion into the Americas.

Week 7: Recent Developments in Paleoanthropology
New Species: In this final section, we will discuss new findings that are dramatically changing the way we think about human evolution and explore the new species discovered over the past few years.
Stones, Bones, and Wrap Up: Review recent developments and discuss the implications for future research on the origins of modern humans.

Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson

Also see Oro Valley Session

During the 19th century, American poets, like those of Europe, were writing in traditional verse forms and the poems were nearly always in rhymed verse. We all remember memorizing those rhythmical lines from Longfellow and Poe. Actually, Emerson once called Poe “the jingle man” after reading The Raven, The Bells, and Annabel Lee. Then, Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson arrived on the American poetic scene and became beacons of change and experimentation. Both received criticism for their poetry and were totally misunderstood for their unorthodox styles. Poetry scholars today realize that both Whitman and Dickinson were challenging the norms and greatly influenced the movements in poetry following World War I such as Modernism, Imagism and beyond.

Walt Whitman (1819-1892) began his career in poetry in writing verse that was typical of the early part of the 19th century; however, in 1855 he published his first edition of Leaves of Grass. That book and later editions of it changed American poetry (and world poetry) forever. He created free verse which had no rhyme and no specific form. His lines of poetry were of vastly different lengths; his poems didn’t look like poems on the page. He made use of long lists which he called catalogs, phrases celebrating the unique character of the American people, democracy, and the beauty of the landscape. He also was the first to celebrate the human body and sexuality – giving graphic descriptions of the parts of the female and male bodies. He described not only heterosexual love, but also homosexual love. He was also the first poet to honor the great diversity of the American people in gender, race, ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. There are many other inventive accomplishments to be found in Whitman’s numerous editions of his Leaves of Grass, an American classic that has changed poetry for the 20th and 21st centuries.

Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) wrote over 1,775 poems but only published eleven during her lifetime. But today she is one of the most celebrated American poets. Who has not read I’m Nobody, Some Keep the Sabbath, or A Narrow Fellow in the Grass? Emily, too, was breaking new ground in creating new types of rhymes which she called “sight rhymes” (eye rhyme) and “half rhymes” (slant rhyme). She experimented with punctuation by eliminating most commas and periods and making significant use of the dash to show her breaks in thought and to allow her readers to fill in the missing words. Another experiment of hers was the unorthodox use of capitalization in unusual places to show emphasis. Dickinson was the forerunner of the confessional poets of the 1950’s-1970’s: Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton, Adrienne Rich. She wrote of her inner-most feelings, passions, torments (“I had a terror I could tell to none.”). She was also a forerunner of the 20th century modernist poets as her poems deal with very complex themes such as her questioning the existence of a benevolent God or anguishing over her fears of life and an afterlife. Dickinson gave American literature a body of poetry that was unfettered by time or fashion and became the idol and inspiration for many poets who followed her.

Founded in 1937 by William Shirley Fulton, the Amerind Foundation is a private nonprofit 501(c) (3) anthropological and archaeological museum and research center dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of Native American cultures and their histories. Located in spectacular Texas Canyon, in the Little Dragoon Mountains of southeastern Arizona, the Amerind houses one of the finest private collections of Native American art and artifacts in the country. Join noted Amerind board member Mark Bahti for a guided tour of The Amerind Foundation’s archaeological and ethnographic collections, and enjoy a delicious lunch served on the museum grounds.

We’ll see examples of work by and about the groups we have discussed in the classroom. On the way to Amerind we’ll talk about ways in which Native and European approaches to and understanding of the land are changing (or not) and, in some cases, moving closer to one another.

Students to park near Bahti Indian Arts for the field trip.

Connecting with Music in our Lives and Our Culture

Music touches our lives in many ways, and on many levels – physically, emotionally, technologically and culturally. How can we better understand music’s place in our world, and in the process learn a bit about the important role that music has played in our own lives? This series will examine music in many forms, from the perspectives of scholarly research, cultural anthropology and documentary filmmaking.

Week 1: The Three Big Questions
Want to understand music and its role in our world? To do so, we only really need to ask three basic questions. We’ll examine these questions more deeply in a presentation on the music of West Africa.

Week 2: Musical Universals…and a Near-Universal Musical Experience
Is music really a “universal language”, and why or why not? Dan will share his UA-funded research and documentary film on the subject.

Weeks 3-4: Rock ‘n’ Roll, from Infancy to Adolescence
We will discuss rock ‘n’ roll’s early years, and learn about Zoom Records, a tiny 1950s Tucson record label, through Dan’s award-winning documentary film.

Week 5: The Shape of the Song
We’ll look at musical forms, from blues to pop to classical, as well as some challenging musical forms from indigenous cultures.

Week 6: Jazz Conventions
Learn to recognize the palette of “conventions” that make jazz performances sparkle and tie together the “musical threads” we’ve explored in this six-week series.

The Russian revolution of 1917 was a cataclysmic event that completely changed the course of the history in this country and had a profound influence all around the world. The Russian Silver Age is a time period in art history before and after the revolution, around 1880 to 1925. The Russian Golden age was the first true blossoming of arts during the first half of the 19th century, Pushkin and Gogol in literature and Glinka in music. In the end of the 19th century Russian poets and writers began experimenting with symbolism which initially developed in France. In music, symbolism found expression in mystical compositions of Alexander Scriabin and early works of Sergei Prokofiev. Gradually, in spite of the very popular following of the late Romantic Russian composers Sergei Rachmaninoff, Anton Arensky and Alexander Glazounov, a new generation of modernists developed it before and after the revolution. Modernism was strongly expressed in Stravinsky’s ballets Petroushka and even more so in The Rite of Spring which initially caused an immense scandal. Sergei Prokofiev’s operas The Fiery Angel and The Love of Three Oranges and his first three piano concertos were seen as extremely modernistic and cutting edge works at the time. After the death of Vladimir Lenin, the Communist Party clamped down creativity and persecuted modernism which they associated with the capitalistic values and lifestyle. The Silver Age ended around 1925 and a new era, often called “social realism” was officially pronounced in 1929. Hear the works of Sergei Rachmaninoff, Alexander Scriabin, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Dmitri Shostakovitch and many others performed by pianist Alexander Tentser.

The Life of the Mind

While mythology and religious texts reveal profound thinking about different aspects of the world, the Ancient Greeks began an intellectual movement that formed the basis of Western philosophy and science. Called the development of rational thought, these early investigators sought to explain the world from observation rather than the imaginative descriptions of mythology. Their research included mathematics, astronomy, theology, language, ethics and more.  While the subject may seem deep, it is not daunting and will be readily accessible to all. Students will receive handouts of the early Greek thinkers to be discussed in class, and are asked to read one fairly short and enjoyable text by Plato, The Symposium.

The People of the Southwest

Learn about the geology of the southwest (going back to the actual formation of the landmasses) and consider its effect on the various cultures that settled in this region. Find out how those groups changed and evolved over time, looking specifically at the Hohokam, Mogollon, Mimbres and Anasazi peoples.

Also consider the Hopi, Tohono O’odham, Apache, Navajo and Rio Grande Pueblos and discover the ways their cultures reflected the land and were affected by the land. Our discussion will include the arrival of the European and their reaction and interaction with the land and people they encountered up to Arizona Statehood in 1912.

Realists, Impressionists, Monarchs and Republicans—France in the Second Empire and the Third Republic

France during the beginning of the 19th Century could hardly be called stable. Revolution followed revolution, coup followed coup, France could have a king one day and a Republic the next… that is until the advent of the Second Empire and Napoleon III. For twenty years, 1851-1871, France again became the power of the world, seemingly prosperous and at peace. Political, social and artistic fissures were forming that would eventually consume France and the Second Empire and all its artistic traditions. But all hope was not lost with the formation of the French Third Republic at Versailles. It would seem that politics, art and ideas were infused with a new energy, an energy that would so tragically be snuffed out by World War I. Using Proust as a guiding influence, this series of lectures will look at the dramatically changing world in France during the second half of the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th through the lens of the Fine Arts.

Week 1: Where do we go from here?
France in 1848—the end of the world or a new beginning—or maybe it is a little bit of both, but whatever the case, Paris is the center of the world. Romanticism, Neo-Classicism or Realism? What do we choose? Delacroix, Gericault, and Courbet.

Week 2: Napoleon again?
Napoleon III, Haussmann and Paris. The completion of the Louvre and the building of the Paris Opera—Garnier and extravagant excess while dancing on the head of a pin. The artistic establishment, the French Academy and the need for something new. Artistic bankruptcy or imaginative richness—but who has what or which? Of course it is Manet, is it not?

Week 3: Manet and a new view of the World
Behind all that glitters is not gold. The painting of Modern Life. Is he a Realist or an Impressionist? “I don’t care, all I want to be is accepted by the artistic establishment.” No such luck. The ups and downs of being an artist in Second Empire France.

Week 4: The ideal of the French Academy or Ecole des Beaux-Arts and the triumph of the Bourgeoisie
Gerome, Meissioner, Flandrin, Winterhalter and Bougereau, the beauty and fatigue of an artistic style. “I know what we will do, we will infuse our works with beautiful women and depict the exotic and ideal world.
That way no one will realize we have exhausted the Academic Tradition and the world is falling apart around us.”

Week 5: The end of the world, again
The fall of Napoleon III and the establishment of the French Third Republic. Pierre de Nolhac, Versailles, and the need for Artistic legitimacy. “We don’t care about that” say the Impressionists, “we just love light, color and pretty things.” Not so fast, there is so much more to the Impressionists than color and light. In the end the Impressionists were commenting on Modern Life and the harsh realities of the World. Pisarro, Caillebotte and the representation of the city and, of course, Monet and Renoir, two horses of a different color going in two distinctive directions.

Week 6: Proustian Paris and the Paris of Memory
The fraying of the Impressionistic World and the move to Post-Impressionism as the World marches towards War. Toulouse-Lautrec, Van Gogh and Gauguin. Now it really is the end of the World. “We have learned nothing and forgotten nothing.”

The Great Male Singers

Also see Session 1 & Session 2

Fly me to the moon
And let me play among the stars,
Let me see what spring is like
On Jupiter or Mars . . .

From Rudy Vallée to Frank Sinatra, from Bing Crosby to Tony Bennett, from Cab Calloway to Johnny Mathis, from Louis Armstrong to Nat King Cole, from Fats Domino to Elvis Presley to the Beatles, the great men of song have chronicled a romantic history of our lives. For generations, crooners have given voice to the Great American Songbook. The music and lyrics of the great tunesmiths live in their voices.

Celebrate the great vocalists who stood in front of the bandstand and sang the songs that told us who we were, where we were, and how we felt. A great singer can instantly trigger the soundtrack of our lives and take us into the heart and soul of a song. Hearing Strangers in the Night or Love Me Tender or Moon River or Eleanor Rigby can instantly transport you back to a special place in time when it was just you, the singer and the song.

Fly Me to the Moon will feature a cavalcade of male singing stars from the world of Big Bands, Jazz, Blues, Pop, and Rock who will lift your heart and make your spirits soar.

Cozy up, for it will be standing-room-only for the great men of song!

Fill my heart with song
And let me sing for ever more
You are all I long for
All I worship and adore…